Category Archives: Uncategorized

GHK-Cu Research Overview: Structure, Models and Literature Themes

GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, a three amino acid peptide first isolated from human plasma. Its published literature covers coordination chemistry, cell culture work, a gene expression screen and a small set of rodent models. That literature describes how the peptide binds copper and what was measured in cells and animals. It does […]

What Is MOTS-c? Research Background and Study Areas

MOTS-c is a 16 amino acid peptide encoded by a short open reading frame inside the 12S rRNA gene of the mitochondrial genome. It was first described in 2015, and most published work on it comes from cell culture and rodent models of metabolic signaling. For a laboratory reader, the useful questions are what each […]

What Is Epitalon? Research Background and Study Areas

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with the sequence Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, also written AEDG or Epithalon. It was designed from the amino acid composition of Epithalamin, a polypeptide extract of bovine pineal gland, by researchers in St. Petersburg, Russia. Its published record is mostly cell culture and animal work, and most of it comes from one research […]